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六、初等变换与初等矩阵

小题

  1. 【1995-12-3分】
A=(a11a12a13a21a22a23a31a32a33)A=\begin{pmatrix}a_{11} & a_{12} & a_{13} \\ a_{21} & a_{22} & a_{23} \\ a_{31} & a_{32} & a_{33}\end{pmatrix} B=(a21a22a23a11a12a13a31+a11a32+a12a33+a13)B=\begin{pmatrix}a_{21} & a_{22} & a_{23} \\ a_{11} & a_{12} & a_{13} \\ a_{31}+a_{11} & a_{32}+a_{12} & a_{33}+a_{13}\end{pmatrix} P1=(010100001),P2=(100010101)P_1=\begin{pmatrix}0 & 1 & 0 \\ 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1\end{pmatrix},P_2=\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 1 & 0 & 1\end{pmatrix}

则必有( )

A. AP1P2=B\displaystyle AP_1P_2=B    B. AP2P1=B\displaystyle AP_2P_1=B C. P1P2A=B\displaystyle P_1P_2A=B    D. P2P1A=B\displaystyle P_2P_1A=B

  1. 【1997-1-5分】A\displaystyle An\displaystyle n阶可逆方阵,将A\displaystyle A的第i\displaystyle i行和第j\displaystyle j行对换后得到的矩阵为B\displaystyle B. (1)证明B\displaystyle B可逆; (2)求AB1\displaystyle AB^{-1}.

  2. 【1997-3-3分】A,B\displaystyle A,B为同阶可逆矩阵,则( ).

A. AB=BA\displaystyle AB=BA B. 存在可逆矩阵P,使P1AP=B\displaystyle \text{存在可逆矩阵}P,\text{使}P^{-1}AP=B C. 存在可逆矩阵C,使CTAC=B\displaystyle \text{存在可逆矩阵}C,\text{使}C^TAC=B D. 存在可逆矩阵PQ,使PAQ=B\displaystyle \text{存在可逆矩阵}P\text{和}Q,\text{使}PAQ=B

  1. 【2004-34-4分】n\displaystyle n阶矩阵A\displaystyle AB\displaystyle B等价,则必有( )

A. A=a(a0),B=a\displaystyle \text{当}|A|=a(a\neq0)\text{时},|B|=a B. A=a(a0),B=a\displaystyle \text{当}|A|=a(a\neq0)\text{时},|B|=-a C. A0,B=0\displaystyle \text{当}|A|\neq0\text{时},|B|=0 D. A=0,B=0\displaystyle \text{当}|A|=0\text{时},|B|=0

  1. 【2001-34-3分】
P1=(0001010000101000),P2=(1000001001000001)P_1=\begin{pmatrix}0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 1 & 0 & 0 & 0\end{pmatrix},P_2=\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1\end{pmatrix}

其中A\displaystyle A可逆,则B1\displaystyle B^{-1}等于( ).

A. A1P1P2\displaystyle A^{-1}P_1P_2    B. P1A1P2\displaystyle P_1A^{-1}P_2 C. P1P2A1\displaystyle P_1P_2A^{-1}    D. P2A1P1\displaystyle P_2A^{-1}P_1

  1. 【2004-12-4分】A\displaystyle A为3阶矩阵,将A\displaystyle A的第1列与第2列交换得B\displaystyle B,再把B\displaystyle B的第2列加到第3列得C\displaystyle C,则满足AQ=C\displaystyle AQ=C的可逆矩阵Q\displaystyle Q为( )

A. (010100101)\displaystyle \begin{pmatrix}0 & 1 & 0 \\ 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 1 & 0 & 1\end{pmatrix} B. (010100011)\displaystyle \begin{pmatrix}0 & 1 & 0 \\ 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 1\end{pmatrix} C. (010100011)\displaystyle \begin{pmatrix}0 & 1 & 0 \\ 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 1\end{pmatrix} D. (011100001)\displaystyle \begin{pmatrix}0 & 1 & 1 \\ 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1\end{pmatrix}

  1. 【2005-12-4分】A\displaystyle An(n2)\displaystyle n(n\geq2)阶可逆矩阵,交换A\displaystyle A的第1行与第2行得矩阵B\displaystyle BA,B\displaystyle A^*,B^*分别为A,B\displaystyle A,B的伴随矩阵,则( )

A. 交换A的第1列与第2列得B\displaystyle \text{交换}A^*\text{的第}1\text{列与第}2\text{列得}B^* B. 交换A的第1行与第2行得B\displaystyle \text{交换}A^*\text{的第}1\text{行与第}2\text{行得}B^* C. 交换A的第1列与第2列得B\displaystyle \text{交换}A^*\text{的第}1\text{列与第}2\text{列得}-B^* D. 交换A的第1行与第2行得B\displaystyle \text{交换}A^*\text{的第}1\text{行与第}2\text{行得}-B^*

  1. 【2006-123-4分】A\displaystyle A为3阶矩阵,将A\displaystyle A的第2行加到第1行得B\displaystyle B,再将B\displaystyle B的第1列的1\displaystyle -1倍加到第2列得C\displaystyle C,记P=(110010001)\displaystyle P=\begin{pmatrix}1 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1\end{pmatrix},则( )

A. C=P1AP\displaystyle C=P^{-1}AP    B. C=PAP1\displaystyle C=PAP^{-1} C. C=PTAP\displaystyle C=P^TAP    D. C=PAPT\displaystyle C=PAP^T

  1. 【2009-23-4分】A,P\displaystyle A,P均为3阶矩阵,PT\displaystyle P^TP\displaystyle P的转置矩阵,且PTAP=(100010002)\displaystyle P^TAP=\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 2\end{pmatrix},若P=[α1,α2,α3]\displaystyle P=[\alpha_1,\alpha_2,\alpha_3]Q=[α1+α2,α2,α3]\displaystyle Q=[\alpha_1+\alpha_2,\alpha_2,\alpha_3],则QTAQ\displaystyle Q^TAQ为( )

A. (210110002)\displaystyle \begin{pmatrix}2 & 1 & 0 \\ 1 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 2\end{pmatrix} B. (110120002)\displaystyle \begin{pmatrix}1 & 1 & 0 \\ 1 & 2 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 2\end{pmatrix} C. (200010002)\displaystyle \begin{pmatrix}2 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 2\end{pmatrix} D. (100020002)\displaystyle \begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 2 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 2\end{pmatrix}

  1. 【2011-123-4分】A\displaystyle A为3阶矩阵,将A\displaystyle A的第2列加到第1列得矩阵B\displaystyle B,再交换B\displaystyle B的第2行与第3行得单位矩阵,记P1=(100110001)\displaystyle P_1=\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 & 0 \\ 1 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1\end{pmatrix}P2=(100001010)\displaystyle P_2=\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \\ 0 & 1 & 0\end{pmatrix},则A=\displaystyle A=( )

A. P1P2\displaystyle P_1P_2    B. P11P2\displaystyle P_1^{-1}P_2 C. P2P1\displaystyle P_2P_1    D. P2P11\displaystyle P_2P_1^{-1}

  1. 【2012-123-4分】A\displaystyle A为3阶矩阵,P\displaystyle P为3阶可逆矩阵,且P1AP=(100010002)\displaystyle P^{-1}AP=\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 2\end{pmatrix}P=[α1,α2,α3]\displaystyle P=[\alpha_1,\alpha_2,\alpha_3]Q=[α1+α2,α2,α3]\displaystyle Q=[\alpha_1+\alpha_2,\alpha_2,\alpha_3],则Q1AQ=\displaystyle Q^{-1}AQ=( )

A. (100020001)\displaystyle \begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 2 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1\end{pmatrix} B. (100010002)\displaystyle \begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 2\end{pmatrix} C. (200010002)\displaystyle \begin{pmatrix}2 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 2\end{pmatrix} D. (200020001)\displaystyle \begin{pmatrix}2 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 2 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1\end{pmatrix}

  1. 【2020-1-4分】 若矩阵A\displaystyle A经初等列变换化成B\displaystyle B,则( ).

A. 存在可逆矩阵P,使得PA=B\displaystyle \text{存在可逆矩阵}P,\text{使得}PA=B B. 存在可逆矩阵P,使得BP=A\displaystyle \text{存在可逆矩阵}P,\text{使得}BP=A C. 存在可逆矩阵P,使得PB=A\displaystyle \text{存在可逆矩阵}P,\text{使得}PB=A D. 方程组Ax=0Bx=0同解\displaystyle \text{方程组}Ax=0\text{与}Bx=0\text{同解}

  1. 【2024-23-5分】A\displaystyle A为三阶矩阵,P=(100010101)\displaystyle P=\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 1 & 0 & 1\end{pmatrix},若PTAP=(a+2c0c0b02c0c)\displaystyle P^TAP=\begin{pmatrix}a+2c & 0 & c \\ 0 & b & 0 \\ 2c & 0 & c\end{pmatrix},则A=\displaystyle A=( )

A. (a000b000c)\displaystyle \begin{pmatrix}a & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & b & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & c\end{pmatrix} B. (c000a000b)\displaystyle \begin{pmatrix}c & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & a & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & b\end{pmatrix} C. (b000c000a)\displaystyle \begin{pmatrix}b & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & c & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & a\end{pmatrix} D. (c000b000a)\displaystyle \begin{pmatrix}c & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & b & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & a\end{pmatrix}

  1. 【2025-2-5分】 下列矩阵中,可以经过若干次初等行变换得到矩阵(110100120000)\displaystyle \begin{pmatrix}1 & 1 & 0 & 1 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 2 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\end{pmatrix}的是( )

A. (100101030100)\displaystyle \begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 & 0 & 1 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 & 3 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 & 0\end{pmatrix} B. (112312232346)\displaystyle \begin{pmatrix}1 & 1 & 2 & 3 \\ 1 & 2 & 2 & 3 \\ 2 & 3 & 4 & 6\end{pmatrix} C. (102300121023)\displaystyle \begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 & 2 & 3 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 2 \\ -1 & 0 & -2 & -3\end{pmatrix} D. (012311010012)\displaystyle \begin{pmatrix}0 & 1 & 2 & 3 \\ 1 & 1 & 0 & 1 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 2\end{pmatrix}